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The Complete DNA Sequence of S. cerevisiae
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The complete sequence of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain S288C
has been determined in an international collaboration of more than 100
laboratories.
By April 24th, the sequence data can be copied from the following ftp sites:
Europe ftp.mips.embnet.org (directory /yeast)
ftp.ebi.ac.uk
America ftp-genome.stanford.edu
Japan Riken institute (soon)
The contributing consortia are:
complete chromosomes partial chromosomes
EU (Goffeau) II, III, VII, X, XI IV, XII, XVI
XIV,XV
St. Louis (Johnston) VIII IV, XVI
Sanger (Barrell) IX, XIII IV, XVI
McGill (Bussey) I XVI
Stanford (Davis) V IV
Riken (Murakami) VI
CHROMOSOME DNA Coordinator Length Release
I H. Bussey, Montreal 230,195 1995 (modif. 4-1996)
II H. Feldmann, Munich 813,137 8-1994 (modif. 4-1996)
III S. Oliver, Manchester 315,344 12-1991 (modif. 4-1996)
IV (I) C. Jacq, Paris
IV (II) B. Barrell, Cambridge
IV (III) M. Johnston, St. Louis
IV (IV) R. Davis, Stanford
1,522,191 4-1996
V R. Davis, Stanford 574,860 1995 (modif. 4-1996)
VI Y. Murakami, Tokyo 270,148 1995
VII H. Tettelin, Louvain 1,090,936 4-1996
VIII M. Johnston, St. Louis 562,638 8-1994
IX B. Barell, Cambridge 439,885 1995
X F. Gallibert, Rouen 745,443 10-1995 (modif. 4-1996)
XI B. Dujon, Paris 666,448 4-1994
XII (left) J. Hoheisel, Heidelberg
XII (right) M. Johnston, St. Louis
1,078,171 4-1996
XIII B. Barell, Cambridge 924,430 1995
XIV P. Philippsen, Basel 784,328 4-1996
XV B. Dujon, Paris 1,091,282 4-1996
XVI (I) A. Goffeau, Louvain
XVI (II) H. Bussey, Montreal
XVI (IIa) R. Davis, Stanford
XVI (III) B. Barrell, Cambridge
XVI (IV) M. Johnston, St. Louis
948,061 4-1996
mitochondrial genome (as compiled by de Zamaroczy M. and Bernardi G.)
Length: 78,520 nt
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Total: 12,136,020 nt
12,057,500 nt (without mitochondrial genome)
The yeast genome contains several regions with extensive repeated sequences.
These repeats have not been sequenced in their entirety but at least
one or two copies have been included in the final sequences.
Missing repeated sequences:
~ 100 copies of rDNA repeat(chrXII) each ~9,137 nt = 913,700 nt
2 copies of the ENA2 (chrIV) repeat ~3,885 nt = 7,770 nt
~ 10 copies of the CUP1 repeat (chrVIII) ~ 1,998 nt = 19,980 nt
~ 3-5 copies of Y' elements each ~6,700 nt
(chrIV telR 2-3 copies; chrXII telR 1-2 copies) = 26,800 nt
~ 750 nt of telomeric sequence of chrVI = 750 nt
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Total of missing repeated sequences: 969,000 nt
The total genome of S.c. S288C therefore contains: 12,136,020 nt
+ 969,000 nt
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13,105,020 nt
NOTE: The strain S288C lacks some of the gene families found in brewery and
other industrial strains such as the MEL, MAL and SUC gene families and
maybe others.
Sequence data released before April 1996 are annotated and the systematic
nomenclature has been assigned. Due to the priority of the rapid release
of the data to the scientific community, the assignment of the systematic
nomenclature for open reading frames has not yet been completed for all
16 chromosomes. In collaboration with the consortia involved in this project
these nomenclature will subsequently be added to the information on the WWW
pages (see below) and finally included in tables on the FTP sites. (Please do
NOT start doing your own nomenclature to avoid unnecessary confusion!)
Detailed information on open reading frames, genetic elements, and the
graphical display by the GSG (Genome Sequence Graph) are available on
the WWW:
http://www.mips.biochem.mpg.de
Reference information is linked to the S. cerevisiae page for each
chromosome. Information on the web includes homology listings and graphical
display of the chromosomes. A detailed classification of open reading
frames is in progress.
H.W. Mewes & K. Kleine
Max-Planck-Inst. f. Biochemie
MIPS
82152 Martinsried, Germany
Tel.: +49 89 8578 2657
FAX : +49 89 8578 2655
email: mewes at mips.embnet.orgkleine at mips.embnet.org
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The data were assembled (EU part) and edited by MIPS (Max-Planck-Inst. f. Biochemie,
Martinsried, Germany). We are greatful for comments, corrections of sequence
data, and any contribution to the annotation of the data (to be submitted
to : zollner at mips.embnet.org ).
Acknowledgement:
The ftp-directories contain the proper reference for each chromosome.
The following MIPS staff members have contributed to the data evaluation:
Yeast sequence processing:
K. Kleine, K. Albermann, J. Hani, H. Tettelin (Louvain), A. Zollner
Informatics:
A. Gleissner, C. Harris (WWW), K. Heumann (HPT/GSG), S. Liebl (XChromo),
H.W. Mewes (coordinator), A. Maierl, P. Zaccharia
Protein Sequence Databank (annotation):
G. Fobo, F. Pfeiffer
MIPS is supported by the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, the Forschungszentrum
f. Umwelt u. Gesundheit (GSF), the European Commission, and the BMBF
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